1923 - Proclamation of the Turkish Republic by Mustafa Kemal, elected President.
1924 - Abolition of the caliphate and vote of the first secular laws.
1938 - Death of Mustafa Kemal, nicknamed Atatürk.
1945 - Turkey sided with the Allies, while remaining neutral during the war.
1946 - Introduction of multiparty politics.
1950 - First free elections, victory of the Democratic Party.
1952 - Accession of Turkey to the Atlantic Alliance.
1960 - Coup of State. Prime Minister Adnan Menderes is sentenced and executed.
1963 - Association Agreement with the European Economic Community (EEC).
1971 - New coup led by the fall of Süleyman Demirel.
1974 - Turkish forces intervene in Cyprus and occupy the north of the island. In 1983, proclamation of the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC, recognized only by Ankara).
1980 - Coup: Parliament is dissolved, political parties are banned.
1984 - Beginning of the insurgency of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which claims the independence of the South East, which is predominantly Kurdish (more than 37,000 dead).
1990-1991 - During the Gulf War, Turkey stands with the international coalition that pushes Iraq out of Kuwait.
1995 - Customs Union Agreement with the European Union.
1996 - The Islamist Necmettin Erbakan becomes Prime Minister, but leaves the power a little later under the pressure of the military. His party, Refah, was dissolved in 1998.
1999 - Arrest in Kenya by a Turkish commando of PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan. Seism in Izmit (north-west): 20,000 dead.
2003 - Recep Tayyip Erdogan, head of the AKP, appointed prime minister.
